The practice of surgery is very old indeed. From the remains of skulls we know that the technique of trepanning-removing a disc of bone from the skull, was carried out about 10,000 years ago.
Surgery
The operation released the build up of fluid in the skull and may have been originally based on the belief that it let out evil spirit.
But it was only in the last century and half that certain key events laid the foundations for safe , effective surgery as we know it today.
In this stage,I will go into surgery proper which is the open-Heart surgery...
A majornew development in the last quarter of a century has been open -heart surgery . This requires the heart to be stopped and the blood to be pumped by the way of an EXTRA CORPOREAL CIRCULATION (ECC) and had to await the advent of the heart Lung machine in the late 1950s
In the 1970s,a significant addition to the heart surgeon's repertoire was CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG).
This is an operation to replace sections of coronary arteries that have become severely narrowed by an accumulation of tatty deposits (Plaque).
Furred vessels are replaced by lengths of vein , usually taken from the patient's leg. The operation relieves the crippling pain of angina and restores an adequate blood supply to heart muscle.
For some patient's an alternative technique is available for dealing with the blocked arteries-balloon angioplasty, developed in Switzerland in 1977.
This involves passing a balloon tipped catheter into a large artery in the groin and advancing it until the tip comes to rest in the narrowed Coronary vessels.
Here the balloon is inflated, compressing against the artery wall so as to re-establish an adequate channel for the blood flow to the heart .
If the balloon angioplasty fails ,or as often happens to plaque recurs, the procedure can be repeated. Balloon angioplasty is not without risk , but it is performed under local anaesthesia and is quicker than the open heart procedure.
Another consideration is that it is a much cheaper option entailing a hospital to stay of only two to three days instead of the ten days or so required for CABG
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