Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak, brittle, and more likely to break, even from minor falls or injuries. Often called the "silent disease," it develops slowly over time and is usually diagnosed only after a fracture occurs. The most commonly affected areas are the hips, spine, and wrists.
Symptoms
In the early stages, osteoporosis may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, individuals might experience:
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Back pain, often due to a fractured or collapsed vertebra
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Loss of height over time
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A stooped posture
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Bone fractures that occur more easily than expected
Since symptoms can be subtle, regular bone density testing is important for early detection, especially in individuals over 50 or with risk factors.
Causes
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between bone loss and bone formation. Key factors include:
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Aging – Bone density naturally decreases with age, particularly after menopause in women.
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Hormonal changes – Low estrogen in women and low testosterone in men can accelerate bone loss.
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Poor diet – Low calcium and vitamin D intake weakens bones.
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Sedentary lifestyle – Lack of weight-bearing exercise reduces bone strength.
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Medical conditions and medications – Certain diseases and long-term use of steroids can contribute to bone loss.
Treatment
While osteoporosis cannot be completely cured, it can be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment. These include:
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Medications like bisphosphonates to slow bone loss
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Calcium and vitamin D supplements
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Weight-bearing exercises to improve strength and balance
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Fall prevention strategies to reduce fracture risk
Early detection and a proactive approach can help maintain bone health and prevent serious complications. Anyone at risk should speak with a healthcare provider about screening and prevention.
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