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Yet despite the impressive scope of scientific progress, and all the attention paid to science and scientists, many questions remain about the nature of science and how it works. Moreover, the emergence of new scientific specialties and subspecialties of modern science has created interesting philosophical issues in science. What the history of science and the legacy of problems it leaves to philosophy shows is that the two intellectual inquiries have always been inextricably linked. Hence, the history and philosophy of science (HPS) is emerged as unified an academic discipline that encompasses the philosophy of science and the history of science to deal with these issues. However, there is some disagreement on to whom history and philosophy of science teach, for philosopher or scientist. Some author narrated that the revolution of modern science took place without hearing philosophical criticisms of science. This raises the question “what is the purpose of studying history and philosophy of science”. This essay was, therefore, initiated to analyze and presented the purpose of the studying history and philosophy science. The history and philosophy of science helps learner to develop reflective practice in doing science; to learn from previous errors; to develop scientific mind or the critical spirit of inquiry; to know the real nature of science; to learn how science is influenced by historical and social factors and to greater appreciation of how discoveries occur.