Understanding Ulcers

WHAT ARE ULCERS?

Ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the digestive tract. They can occur in the stomach, small intestine, and esophagus. Ulcers are a common condition and affect millions of people worldwide.

TYPES OF ULCERS

The two most common types of ulcers are gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers. Gastric ulcers occur in the stomach, while duodenal ulcers occur in the upper part of the small intestine.

CAUSES OF ULCERS

The most common cause of ulcers is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium can weaken the protective lining of the digestive tract, making it more vulnerable to damage from stomach acid. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, can also cause ulcers by irritating the lining of the digestive tract. Stress may play a role in the development of ulcers, although the evidence for this is less clear.

SYMPTOMS OF ULCERS 

The symptoms of ulcers can vary depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. In some cases, ulcers can cause bleeding, which can lead to dark, tarry stools or vomiting of blood.

COMPLICATIONS OF ULCERS

Ulcers can lead to serious complications, such as bleeding and perforation. Bleeding can occur when an ulcer erodes a blood vessel, while perforation occurs when an ulcer creates a hole in the digestive tract. Both of these complications require immediate medical attention.